An area of reduced diameter in pipe caused by excessive longitudinal strain or by a combination of longitudinal string and the swagging action of a body.

A bottleneck may result if the downward motion of the drill pipe is stopped with the slips instead of the brake.

A milling device attached to the bottom of washpipe that mills or drills debris accumulated around the outside of the pipe being washed over.

Usually, a burn shoe has pieces of very hard tungsten carbide embedded in it.

Also called a rotary shoe.

See washpipe.

1.

The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells.

This bit consists of a cutting element and a circulating element.

The circulating element permits the passage of drilling fluid and utilized the hydraulic force of the fluid stream to improve drilling rates.

In rotary drilling, several drill collars are joined to the bottom end of the drill pipe column, and the bit is attached to the end of the string of drill collars.

Most bits used in rotary drilling are roller cone bits, but diamond bits are also used extensively.

2.

The tool used to crush or cut rock.

Everything on a drilling rig directly or indirectly assists the bit in crushing or cutting the rock.

The bit is on the bottom of the drillstring and must be changed when it becomes excessively dull or stops making progress.

Most bits work by scraping or crushing the rock, or both, usually as part of a rotational motion.

Some bits, known as hammer bits, pound the rock vertically in much the same fashion as a construction site air hammer.

A link and lever mechanism which is used to tighten a chain holding a load on a truck.

An obsolete term for a casinghead.

The lowest extremity of the tool to which accessories or other tools can be coupled.

A pressure-fight container (bomb) used to record the pressure in a well at a point opposite the producing formation

1.

A measure of volume for petroleum products in the united states.

One barrel is the equivalent of 42 u.s.

Gallons or 0.15899 cubic meters (9,702 cubic inches).

One cubic meter equals 6.2897 barrels.

2.

The cylindrical part of a sucker rod pump in which the piston-like plunger moves up and down.

Operating as a piston inside a cylinder, the plunger and barrel create pressure energy to lift well fluids to the surface.

Water that contains relatively low concentrations of soluble salts.

Brackish water is saltier than fresh water but not as salty as salt water.

A sealing ring on either side of the center packing element to limit its extrusion

Abbr.

Barrels of oil equivalent.

See bleed off.

A short section of plain tubing used to separate or space-out specialized components in a completion assembly.

Blank pipe is commonly used in sand control completions where intervals of screen are separated by short sections of blank pipe.

The term is also used to describe unperforated sections of casing or liner.

The part of the bit that includes a hole or opening for drilling fluid to exit.

The hole is usually small (around 0.25 in.

In diameter) and the pressure of the fluid inside the bit is usually high, leading to a high exit velocity through the nozzles that creates a high-velocity jet below the nozzles.

This high-velocity jet of fluid cleans both the bit teeth and the bottom of the hole.

The sizes of the nozzles are usually measured in 1/32-in.

Increments (although some are recorded in millimeters), are always reported in “thirty-seconds” of size (i.e., fractional denominators are not reduced), and usually range from 6/32 to 32/32.

also known as jet.

A special tool used by the rig crew to prevent the drill bit from turning while the bit sub on top of it is tightened or loosened.

Bits have noncylindrical shapes, so the conventional wrenches used by the rig crew to tighten cylindrical shapes like pipes do not fit the bits properly.

in addition, some bits, such as pdc bits, have a wide range of unusual and asymmetric shapes or profiles.

The bit breaker must match the bit profile or the bit may be ruined before ever being used.