The weight of the drill stem that is suspended from the hook.

1.

Of or relating to water or other liquid in motion.

2.

Operated, moved, or effected by water or liquid.

Organic acids of indefinite composition in naturally occurring leonardite lignite.

The humic acids are the most valuable constituent.

A large, hook-shaped device from which the swivel is suspended.

It is designed to carry maximum loads ranging from 100 to 650 tons (90 to 590 tonnes) and turns on bearings in its supporting housing.

A strong spring within the assembly cushions the weight of a stand (90 feet, about 27 meters) of drill pipe, thus permitting the pipe to be made up and broken out with less damage to the tool join threads.

Smaller hooks without the spring are used for handling tubing and sucker rods.

See stand and swivel.

A method of squeeze cementing in which cement is pumped in and the pumps are stopped for a few minutes.

Pumping is started and stopped until the desired pressure is obtained.

An operation in which a specially blended liquid is pumped down a well and into a formation under pressure high enough to cause the formation to crack open, forming passages through which oil can flow into the wellbore.

Sand grains, aluminum pellets, glass beads, or similar materials are carried in suspension into the fractures.

When the pressure is released at the surface, the fractures partially close on the proppants, leaving channels for oil to flow through to the well.

Compare: explosive fracturing.

A classification of commercial drilling-clay preparations having a yield of 35 to 40 barrels per ton and intermediate between bentonite and low-yield clays.

Usually prepared by peptizing low-yield calcium montmorillonite clays or, in a few cases, by blending some bentonite with the peptized low yield clay

A vessel that heats an emulsion and removes water and gas from the oil to raise it to a quality acceptable for a pipeline or other means of transport.

A heater-treater is a combination of a heater, free-water knockout, and oil and gas separator.

1.

A chemical reaction in which molecular water is added to the molecule of another compound without breaking it down.

2.

Reaction of powdered cement with water.

The cement gradually sets to a solid as hydration continues.

A hydrocarbon and water compound that is formed under reduced temperature and pressure in gathering, compression, and transmission facilities for gas.

Hydrates often accumulate in troublesome amounts and impede fluid flow.

They resemble snow or ice.

To make repairs or modifications on a tank, pipeline, or installation without shutting down operations.

The treatment of a producing well with heated oil to melt accumulated paraffin in the tubing and the annulus.

The large flanged spool in the drawworks on which the hoisting cable is wound.

See drawworks.

A tank or enclosure filled with hay-like materials used to filter oil out of water.

A packer equipped with friction blocks or drag springs and slips and designed so that rotation of the pipe unlatches the slips.

The friction springs prevent the slips from turning with the pipe and assist in advancing the slips up a tapered sleeve to engage the wail of the outside pipe as weight is put on the packer.

Also called a wall-hook packer.

See packer.