A variation of squeeze cementing for wells with two producing zones in which (1) the upper fluid sand is perforated; (2) tubing is run with a packer, and the packer is set between the two perforated intervals; (3) water is circulated between the two zones to remove as much mud as possible from the channel; (4) cement is pumped through the channel and circulated; (5) the packer is released and picked up above the upper perforation, a low squeeze pressure is applied, and the excess cement is circulated out.

The process is applicable where there is communication behind the pipe between the two producing zones because of channeling of the primary cement or where there is essentially no cement in the annulus.

1.

A shake-out or grind-out machine.

Samples of oil are placed in the machine and whirled at high speed to settle out sediment.

2.

An item of solids-removal equipment that removes fine and ultrafine solids.

It consists of a conical drum that rotates at 2000 to 4000 rpm.

Drilling fluid is fed into one end and the separated solids are moved up the bowl by a rotating scroll to exit at the other end.

Centrifuges generally have limited processing capacity (50 to 250 gpm) but are useful for processing weighted drilling fluids and can remove finer solids than can hydrocyclones or shaker screens.

They can also be used for water clarification or for processing oily cuttings.

A container in which various chemicals are mixed prior to addition to drilling fluid.

A flexible coupling used in high-pressure lines.

see chiksan.

See back-pressure

An accessory attached o the top of the drill pipe or tubing to form a connection with the mud system to permit circulation of the drilling mud.

In some cases, it is also a rotating head.

A method of severing steel pipe in a well by applying high-pressure jets of a very corrosive substance against the wall of the pipe.

The resulting cut is very smooth.

Mined lignite, usually leonardite, to which chromate has been added or has reacted.

The lignite can also be causticized with either sodium or potassium hydroxide.

1.

To pass from one point throughout a system and back to the starting point.

For example, drilling fluid is circulated out of the suction pit, down the drill pipe and drill collars, out the bit, up the annulus, and back to the pits while drilling proceeds.

2.

To pump fluid through the whole active fluid system, including the borehole and all the surface tanks that constitute the primary system.

Casing collar log

An acoustic survey or sonic logging method that records the quality or hardness of the cement used in the annulus to bond the casing and the formation.

Casing that is well bonded to the formation transmits an acoustic signal quickly; poorly bonded casing transmits a signal slowly.

See acoustic survey, acoustic well logging.

A pump with an impeller or rotor, an impeller shaft, and a casing, which discharges fluid by centrifugal force.

Certifications of materials on physical and chemistry properties.

1. the set of valves, spools and fittings connected to the top of a well to direct and control the flow of formation fluids from the well.

2.

The control valves, pressure gauges, and chokes assembled at the top of a well to control the flow of oil and gas after the well has been drilled and completed.

see details info about christmas tree here.

An extension from the blowout preventer assembly used to direct control the flow of well fluids from the annulus to the choke.